The Khmer Rouge tribunal in Cambodia has broken new ground in recognizing the voice of the victims of mass crimes. But providing promised reparations now requires adequate donor funding.

This background paper summarizes the relevant historical and legal background of the trial of William Samoei Ruto and Joshua arap Sang in The Hague.

Learn more about the East African Court of Justice, which hears cases on violations of the rule of law, one of the fundamental and operational principles set out in the East African Community Treaty.

Learn more about the African Commission, which is tasked with promoting and protecting human rights by interpreting the African Charter and considering individual complaints.

Learn more about the African Court on Human and Peoples’ Rights, a judicial body that delivers binding judgments on compliance with the African Charter.

Learn more about the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) Community Court of Justice, which has accepted the submission of individual complaints for human rights violations since 2005.

This report explores the challenge of making rights real by examining how human rights decisions and recommendations made by international bodies are implemented at the national level.

Short summaries of key decisions and other developments from national courts relating to accountability for international crimes, from late 2011 to May 2013.